Reducing the Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical Research: Problems and Possible Solutions

Author:

Festing Michael F.W.1,Baumans Vera2,Combes Robert D.3,Haider Marlies4,Hendriksen Coenraad F.M.5,Howard Bryan R.6,Lovell David P.7,Moore Graham J.5,Overend Philip6,Wilson Marie S.7

Affiliation:

1. ECVAM, JRC Environment Institute, 21020 Ispra (VA), Italy

2. National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands

3. Field Laboratories, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK

4. BIBRA International, Woodmansterne Road, Carshalton, Surrey SM5 4DS, UK

5. Pfizer Central Research, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, UK

6. SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, New Frontiers Science Park (North), Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, UK

7. Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Neuroscience Research Centre, Terlings Park, Harlow, Essex CM20 2QR, UK

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Medical Laboratory Technology,Toxicology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine

Reference55 articles.

1. RussellW.M.S. & BurchR.L. (1959). The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique, 238 pp. London: Methuen.

2. Refinement of animal use-assessment and alleviation of pain and distress

3. Variation and its implications for the design of experiments in toxicological research

4. GrunebergH. (1952). The Genetics of the Mouse, 650 pp. The Hague, The Netherlands: Nijhof.

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