The Relationship Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Pediatric Obesity: A Nationwide Analysis

Abstract

Objective: Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can have both acute and chronic consequences when untreated. We hypothesize that a link exists between childhood obesity and OSA at nationwide level, with race, gender, and socioeconomic status conferring their own risk for pediatric OSA. Methods: This study examined nationwide discharges in 2016 using the Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID). The International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) codes for obesity (E66.0) and OSA (G47.33) were used. Prevalence rates and odds ratios (ORs) were used to quantify associations between the obesity and OSA groups in the general pediatric inpatient population. Multiple binary logistic regression was utilized to compare cohorts of pediatric inpatient admissions. Results: There were 36 266 285 weighted discharges in the 2016 KID. Among patients included in our dataset, 0.426% (26 684) were diagnosed with obesity and 0.562% (35 242) had OSA. Obesity was independently associated with a significantly increased risk of OSA (OR = 22.89; 95% C.I. = 21.99-23.84). Within the OSA inpatient population, obesity was associated with non-Hispanic black race, Hispanic ethnicity, and Native American race/ethnicity (OR = 1.45, 1.32, 2.51; 95% C.I. = 1.33-1.58, 1.21-1.44, 1.73-3.63). Conclusions: Obesity is independently associated with OSA in children after controlling for adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Non-Hispanic black race and Hispanic ethnicity are independent risk factors for OSA and are associated with obesity in the OSA inpatient population, which suggests that obesity may play a role in the increased risk of OSA within these groups.