Utilization of Chicken Eggshell Waste as a Bio-Filler for Thermoplastic Polymers: Thermal and Mechanical Characterization of Polypropylene Filled with Naturally Derived CaCo3

Author:

Hassen Ahmed Arabi12,Dizbay-Onat Melike1,Bansal Dhruv1,Bayush Theresa1,Vaidya Uday3

Affiliation:

1. University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1150 10th Avenue South BEC 254, Birmingham, AL, USA 35294-4461

2. Department of Marine Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Arab Academy for Science and Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT), Alexandria, Egypt, College of Engineering Building B 224, Arab Academy for Science and Technology, Abu Quir, Alexandria, Egypt

3. Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA

Abstract

The processing and characterization of polypropylene/eggshell composites was the main objective of this study. Natural source-derived calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was extracted from waste chicken eggshell and compounded with polypropylene polymer. The compound was molded using the Extrusion Compression Molding (ECM) process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis were conducted on the eggshell to characterize its constituents. The effects of filler loading, 30 wt.% eggshell and 30 wt.% eggshell with 5 wt.% of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) on the mechanical and thermal properties were studied. The addition of a small amount of MAPP during melt extrusion improved the dispersion and bonding of CaCO3 particles in polypropylene. 7.49% decrease in tensile strength, 35.51% enhancement in flexural modulus and 66.05% increase in notched Izod impact energy were obtained by adding 30 wt.% eggshell with 5 wt.% MAPP to polypropylene. Adding 30-wt % of eggshell filler and 5 wt.% MAPP to polypropylene delayed the flame propagation time by 99 seconds.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Materials Chemistry,Polymers and Plastics,Ceramics and Composites

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