Unraveling WhatsApp group dynamics to understand the threat of misinformation in messaging apps

Abstract

In this article, we present an analysis of distinctive WhatsApp uses with a focus on group dynamics, and how they are correlated with exposure to, belief in, accidental, and purposeful sharing of misinformation as well as misinformation corrections. Based on two nationally representative surveys in Brazil, and after controlling for a range of factors, we find that (a) being part of WhatsApp groups with no ties is significantly correlated with higher exposure to, belief in, and engagement with online misinformation, including sharing misinformation and being corrected for misinformation, as well as correcting others for misinformation on WhatsApp; (b) frequency of posting on WhatsApp is also significantly correlated with all our dependent variables, suggesting the role of hyperactive minorities in the spread of misinformation; and (c) discussing current affairs in strong tie groups and having frequent one-to-one discussions are significantly correlated with only a limited number of misinformation-related attitudes and beliefs.