Comparative Analysis of Mortality and Amputation Rates in Patients Undergoing Atherectomy for Infra-Popliteal Peripheral Arterial Disease: Insight From the VQI

Abstract

Introduction: Infra-popliteal peripheral arterial disease (IPPAD) poses challenges due to high restenosis and occlusion rates. The BASIL-2 trial demonstrated the superiority of endovascular treatment compared with surgical bypass in patients with IPPAD. However, the association between different endovascular modalities and clinical outcomes has not been conclusive. Hypothesis: Combining plain old balloon angioplasty (POBA) with atherectomy is associated with improved clinical outcomes compared with POBA alone. Methods: Patients who underwent POBA vs POBA+atherectomy for IPPAD from the Vascular Quality Initiative database were identified. To mitigate potential selection bias, we employed propensity score matching (PSM) to balance the distribution of confounding variables for mortality identified on multivariable logistic regression. Subsequently, we compared patient characteristics and long-term outcomes between the 2 treatment groups. Results: Among patients who underwent endovascular intervention for IPPAD, 19 979 individuals (80.8%) were treated with POBA alone, while 4747 (19.2%) were treated with both POBA+atherectomy after PSM. Propensity score matching ensured minimal differences in baseline characteristics, such as indication for lower extremity revascularization (LER) and history of LER. After PSM, patients receiving POBA+atherectomy experienced higher rates of technical success and lower perioperative complications, such as renal complications and hematoma, compared with POBA alone. During long-term follow-up, patients who underwent atherectomy had lower rates of major amputation and major adverse limb events (MALE) but slightly lower freedom from reintervention. Nonetheless, there were no differences in mortality. Conclusion: Combining POBA with atherectomy appears to be a safe approach in patients with IPPAD, with lower rates of long-term amputation and MALE at the cost of a higher risk of reintervention. Clinical Impact The use of adjunctive atherectomy is associated with improved long-term outcomes in patients with infra-popliteal disease.