High serum leptin and adiponectin levels as biomarkers of disease progression in Egyptian patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus

Author:

Kamel Shaimaa M1,Abdel Azeem (Abd Elazeem) Mervat E (Mervat I )1,Mohamed Rabab A2,Kamel Mahmoud M3ORCID,Abdel Aleem (Abdelaleem) Enas A1

Affiliation:

1. Rheumatology and Rehabitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt

2. Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt

3. Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract

Objectives: Leptin and adiponectin are adipose-derived immune modulators (adipokines) that may contribute to SLE pathology and symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of serum adiponectin and leptin with clinical manifestations and disease activity in SLE patients. Methods: This is a case control study, where 70 SLE patients and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled from the Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department of Beni-Suef University Hospital from June 2020 till April 2022. The SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) and Systemic Lupus International Collaborative clinics/America Collage of Rheumatology damage index were used to assess disease severity. Laboratory parameters including erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and serum concentrations of antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-double stranded DNA, complement 3 and 4, lipids, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured and compared between SLE and control groups. Serum adiponectin and leptin were also measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Results: Compared to healthy controls, SLE patients exhibited significantly greater serum leptin (21.1 vs 3.9 ng/mL, p < 0.001) and adiponectin (18.1 vs 4.8 ng/mL, p < 0.001), and both values were positively correlated with SLEDAI scores ( p = 0.048 and 0.042). Higher serum leptin was significantly associated with lupus nephritis (LN) ( p = 0.048) as well as greater body mass index ( p = 0.010), ESR ( p = 0.002), serum CRP ( p = 0.003), total cholesterol ( p = 0.013), and uric acid ( p = 0.002), while higher adiponectin was significantly associated with LN ( p = 0.046). Conclusion: Serum leptin and adiponectin levels are associated with the clinical and pathological manifestations of SLE, suggesting direct involvement in disease progression and utility as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Pharmacology,Immunology,Immunology and Allergy,Pharmacology,Immunology,Immunology and Allergy

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