1. Center for Healthcare Organization & Implementation Research, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial VA Hospital, Bedford, MA, USA
2. Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
3. Department of Health Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
4. Department of Veterans Affairs, Seattle, WA, USA
5. Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
6. The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
7. Pain Research, Informatics, Multimorbidity, & Education Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA
8. Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA