1. Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Veterans Administration (VA) Connecticut Health Care System, West Haven, CT, USA;
2. Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA;
3. Department of Veterans Affairs, Pain Research, Informatics, Multi-Morbidities, and Education Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA;
4. Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, WA, USA;
5. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA;
6. Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New, Haven, CT, USA;
7. VA Center for Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation and Policy (CSHIIP), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA;
8. Division of General Internal Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA;
9. Veterans Aging Cohort Study Coordinating Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA