Direct Evidence for the Economy of Action: Glucose and the Perception of Geographical Slant

Author:

Schnall Simone1,Zadra Jonathan R2,Proffitt Dennis R2

Affiliation:

1. School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Portland Square, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK

2. Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA

Abstract

When locomoting in a physically challenging environment, the body draws upon available energy reserves to accommodate increased metabolic demand. Ingested glucose supplements the body's energy resources, whereas non-caloric sweetener does not. Two experiments demonstrate that participants who had consumed a glucose-containing drink perceived the slant of a hill to be less steep than did participants who had consumed a drink containing non-caloric sweetener. The glucose manipulation influenced participants' explicit awareness of hill slant but, as predicted, it did not affect a visually guided action of orienting a tilting palmboard to be parallel to the hill. Measured individual differences in factors related to bioenergetic state, such as fatigue, sleep quality, fitness, mood, and stress, also affected perception: lower energetic states were associated with steeper perceptions of hill slant. This research shows that the perception of the spatial layout of the environment is influenced by the energetic resources available for locomotion within it. Our findings are consistent with the view that spatial perceptions are influenced by bioenergetic factors.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Artificial Intelligence,Sensory Systems,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology,Ophthalmology

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