Surface consistent corrections

Abstract

Amplitudes of seismic reflections have been of interest since the first days of exploration seismology. Any change of amplitude or anomalous behavior may be significant, so it is important that the zones of interest be free from outside disturbances, such as those caused by the near‐surface layers. Surface consistent factors may be divided into source, receiver, offset, and subsurface components, and these may be divided further into amplitude and phase (or time shift) factors. Correction of trace amplitudes using multiplication by a scale factor is similar to correction of phase distortions by a static shift, and both corrections enhance seismic data. Displays of surface consistent components for time and amplitude corrections provide an additional diagnostic for the geophysicist.