1. Free groups and handlebodies;Andrews, J. J.;Proc. Amer. Math. Soc.,1965
2. Leonardo N. Carvalho and Ulrich Oertel, A classification of automorphisms of compact 3–manifolds, arXiv:0510610, 2005.
3. Michael H. Freedman and Frank Quinn, Topology of 4-manifolds, Princeton Mathematical Series, vol. 39, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 1990.
4. The topology of four-dimensional manifolds;Freedman, Michael Hartley;J. Differential Geometry,1982
5. Foliations and the topology of 3-manifolds. II;Gabai, David;J. Differential Geom.,1987