Author:
Khen G. V.,Ustinova E. I.,Sorokin Yu. D.
Abstract
Climatic indices reflecting the environmental conditions and patterns of their variability in the entire northern Pacific and in its local regions are overviewed. Their physical nature and mechanisms of the processes, their geography and methods of calculation are presented, with citing of the first descriptions. Among a variety of global and regional climatic indices concern ing the North Pacific, the following ones are described: the indices of Arctic Oscillation (AO), El Niño — Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Aleutian Low Pressure Index (ALPI), Siberian High Index (SHI), North Pacific Index (NPI), Pacific/North American (PNA) Index, and West Pacific Index (WP). AO is a large-scale index of atmospheric circulation reflecting the processes both in the troposphere and stratosphere, where «pumping» of air masses between the high and moderate latitudes occurs continuously. ENSO is also a large-scale index that reflects large-scale interactions in the fields of temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, and cloudiness over the whole Pacific. Other indices are rather regional, since their influence does not extend far beyond the limits of the domains of their definition. Nevertheless, their role in environmental fluctuations in certain areas could be significant and their influence could be traced throughout the Northern Hemisphere.
Subject
Microbiology (medical),Immunology,Immunology and Allergy
Reference42 articles.
1. Babkin, V.I., Vorobyev, V.N., and Smirnov, N.P., The Siberian High and its influence on the discharge of the Ob, Yenisei, and Lena, Meteorol. Gidrol., 2005, no. 4, pp. 102–108.
2. Byshev, V.I., Neiman, V.G., Romanov, Y.A., Serykh, I.V., Ponomarev, V.I., and Tsurikova, T.V., The influence of global atmospheric oscillation on formation of climate anomalies in the Russian Far East, Dokl. Earth Sci., 2014, vol. 458, no. 1, pp. 1116–1120. doi 10.7868/S0869565214250148
3. Galin, M.B., Study of the low-frequency variability of the atmospheric general circulation with the use of time-dependent empirical orthogonal functions, Izvestiya. Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 2007, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 15–23.
4. Girs, A.A., Mnogoletniye kolebaniya atmosfernoi tsirkulyatsii i dolgosrochnye gidrometeoro-logicheskiye prognozy (Long-Term Fluctuations of Atmospheric Circulation and Long-Term Hydro-meteorological Forecasts), Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1971.
5. Zheleznova, I.V. and Gushchina, D.Yu., Circulation anomalies in the atmospheric centers of action during the Eastern Pacific and Central Pacific El Niño, Russ. Meteorol. Hydrol., 2016, no. 11–12, pp. 760–769.
Cited by
10 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献，注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献，订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献