Dosage compensation can buffer copy-number variation in wild yeast

Author:

Hose James1,Yong Chris Mun1,Sardi Maria1,Wang Zhishi2,Newton Michael A23,Gasch Audrey P13

Affiliation:

1. Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States

2. Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States

3. Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States

Abstract

Aneuploidy is linked to myriad diseases but also facilitates organismal evolution. It remains unclear how cells overcome the deleterious effects of aneuploidy until new phenotypes evolve. Although laboratory strains are extremely sensitive to aneuploidy, we show here that aneuploidy is common in wild yeast isolates, which show lower-than-expected expression at many amplified genes. We generated diploid strain panels in which cells carried two, three, or four copies of the affected chromosomes, to show that gene-dosage compensation functions at 10–30% of amplified genes. Genes subject to dosage compensation are under higher expression constraint in wild populations—but they show elevated rates of gene amplification, suggesting that copy-number variation is buffered at these genes. We find that aneuploidy provides a clear ecological advantage to oak strain YPS1009, by amplifying a causal gene that escapes dosage compensation. Our work presents a model in which dosage compensation buffers gene amplification through aneuploidy to provide a natural, but likely transient, route to rapid phenotypic evolution.

Funder

National Institutes of Health

U.S. Department of Energy

Publisher

eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd

Subject

General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine,General Neuroscience

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