Genetic and environmental influences on adult human height across birth cohorts from 1886 to 1994

Author:

Jelenkovic Aline12,Hur Yoon-Mi3,Sund Reijo1,Yokoyama Yoshie4,Siribaddana Sisira H56,Hotopf Matthew7,Sumathipala Athula58,Rijsdijk Fruhling9,Tan Qihua10,Zhang Dongfeng11,Pang Zengchang12,Aaltonen Sari113,Heikkilä Kauko13,Öncel Sevgi Y14,Aliev Fazil151617,Rebato Esther2,Tarnoki Adam D1819,Tarnoki David L1819,Christensen Kaare20212223,Skytthe Axel2021,Kyvik Kirsten O2425,Silberg Judy L26,Eaves Lindon J26,Maes Hermine H27,Cutler Tessa L28,Hopper John L2829,Ordoñana Juan R3031,Sánchez-Romera Juan F3132,Colodro-Conde Lucia3033,Cozen Wendy3435,Hwang Amie E34,Mack Thomas M3435,Sung Joohon2936,Song Yun-Mi37,Yang Sarah2936,Lee Kayoung38,Franz Carol E39,Kremen William S3940,Lyons Michael J41,Busjahn Andreas42,Nelson Tracy L43,Whitfield Keith E44,Kandler Christian45,Jang Kerry L46,Gatz Margaret4748,Butler David A49,Stazi Maria A50,Fagnani Corrado50,D'Ippolito Cristina50,Duncan Glen E51,Buchwald Dedra52,Derom Catherine A5354,Vlietinck Robert F53,Loos Ruth JF5556,Martin Nicholas G57,Medland Sarah E57,Montgomery Grant W58,Jeong Hoe-Uk3,Swan Gary E59,Krasnow Ruth60,Magnusson Patrik KE48,Pedersen Nancy L48,Dahl-Aslan Anna K4861,McAdams Tom A9,Eley Thalia C9,Gregory Alice M62,Tynelius Per63,Baker Laura A47,Tuvblad Catherine4764,Bayasgalan Gombojav65,Narandalai Danshiitsoodol6566,Lichtenstein Paul48,Spector Timothy D67,Mangino Massimo67,Lachance Genevieve67,Bartels Meike68,van Beijsterveldt Toos CEM68,Willemsen Gonneke68,Burt S Alexandra69,Klump Kelly L69,Harris Jennifer R70,Brandt Ingunn70,Nilsen Thomas Sevenius70,Krueger Robert F71,McGue Matt71,Pahlen Shandell71,Corley Robin P72,Hjelmborg Jacob v B2021,Goldberg Jack H73,Iwatani Yoshinori74,Watanabe Mikio74,Honda Chika74,Inui Fujio7475,Rasmussen Finn63,Huibregtse Brooke M72,Boomsma Dorret I68,Sørensen Thorkild I A767778,Kaprio Jaakko1379,Silventoinen Karri174

Affiliation:

1. Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

2. Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain

3. Department of Education, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, South Korea

4. Department of Public Health Nursing, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan

5. Institute of Research & Development, Battaramulla, Sri Lanka

6. Faculty of Medicine & Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka

7. NIHR Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

8. Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, School for Primary Care Research, Faculty of Health, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom

9. MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

10. Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

11. Department of Public Health, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China

12. Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention, Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China

13. Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

14. Department of Statistics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey

15. Faculty of Business, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey

16. Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, United States

17. Department of African American Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, United States

18. Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

19. Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary

20. The Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

21. Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

22. Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

23. Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

24. Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

25. Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

26. Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States

27. Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Psychiatry & Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States

28. The Australian Twin Registry, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

29. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

30. Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain

31. IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain

32. Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain

33. QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia

34. Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States

35. USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, United States

36. Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South-Korea

37. Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South-Korea

38. Department of Family Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea

39. Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States

40. VA San Diego Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, La Jolla, CA, United States

41. Department of Psychology, Boston University, Boston, United States

42. HealthTwiSt GmbH, Berlin, Germany

43. Department of Health and Exercise Sciences and Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, Colorado, United States

44. Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, United States

45. Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany

46. Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

47. Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States

48. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

49. Health and Medicine Division, The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, United States

50. Istituto Superiore di Sanità - National Center for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Rome, Italy

51. Washington State Twin Registry, Washington State University - Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, United States

52. Washington State Twin Registry, Washington State University, Seattle, United States

53. Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

54. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospitals, Ghent, Belgium

55. The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States

56. The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States

57. Genetic Epidemiology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia

58. Molecular Epidemiology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia

59. Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States

60. Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, United States

61. Institute of Gerontology and Aging Research Network – Jönköping (ARN-J), School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden

62. Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom

63. Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

64. School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden

65. Healthy Twin Association of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

66. Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan

67. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College, London, United Kingdom

68. Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

69. Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States

70. Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway

71. Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States

72. Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States

73. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, United States

74. Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

75. Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, Nara, Japan

76. Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research (Section on Metabolic Genetics), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

77. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

78. Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark

79. Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, Helsinki, Finland

Abstract

Human height variation is determined by genetic and environmental factors, but it remains unclear whether their influences differ across birth-year cohorts. We conducted an individual-based pooled analysis of 40 twin cohorts including 143,390 complete twin pairs born 1886–1994. Although genetic variance showed a generally increasing trend across the birth-year cohorts, heritability estimates (0.69-0.84 in men and 0.53-0.78 in women) did not present any clear pattern of secular changes. Comparing geographic-cultural regions (Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia), total height variance was greatest in North America and Australia and lowest in East Asia, but no clear pattern in the heritability estimates across the birth-year cohorts emerged. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that heritability of height is lower in populations with low living standards than in affluent populations, nor that heritability of height will increase within a population as living standards improve.

Funder

Suomen Akatemia

Publisher

eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd

Subject

General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine,General Neuroscience

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