Current and Developing In vitro and Ex vivo models for assessing medication permeability into the gut produce a Systemic effect

Abstract

The field of drug permeation assessment concerning the discovery and development of orally administered medications has generated a lot of attention. Inappropriate properties of some drugs such as poor water solubility, limited stability at various pH, being a substrate to efflux transporter and degradation by intestinal enzyme, resulting in inefficient oral administration. In research on improving oral absorption of drugs, the measurement of drug penetration across the intestinal membrane iscritical because it will determine oral absorption. The main question is: what is the best model for studying medication permeation and absorption? This review article answers this question by explaining many methodologies that used to evaluate oral drug permeability/absorption in drug discovery. We address the most common and unique in-vitro and ex vivo models needed to assess drug permeation, the benefits and drawbacks of each model, and the mechanisms of drug absorption that each model may analyze. Moreover, to clarify the improvement of the non-everted rat gut ex vivo technique that is acting as a promising approach in drug permeation orally.