A Review on Birth control: Natural source as Anti-fertility agents

Abstract

The population is increasing at a steady rate worldwide and it is now identified as one of the main threats to our planet in the 21st century. Since ancient times herbal medicines have been used for fertility regulation in males and females. Antifertility agents and contraceptive agents are the drugs that hinder the process of fertilization through barrier as well as the anti-fertility effects. Contraception involves the methodology of preventing the normal process of ovulation by affecting the menstrual cycle, fertilization, and ovulation. One example of birth control pills is progesterone and estrogen in combination. Anti-fertility component noticed as an active agent in females for prevention of fertilization and in case of males, prevention of spermatogenesis by inhibiting testosterone or action on the gonadotropin of organs or mortality of sperms. Numerous plants have phytoestrogens as novel agents which have noxious effects by making changes in the normal gestation procedure and lead to impaired fertility in domestic animals. Various experimental models have been developed and evidenced for evaluating the efficacy of antifertility agents. The review provides a comprehensive summary of contraceptive methods used in males and females, various plants, parts of plants and extracts are been used for the facilitation of anti-fertility have used as anti-fertility agents. Moreover highlighted old and presently used experimental models for the evaluating the anti-fertility agents.