Evaluation of Antifertility Potential of <i>Entada rheedii</i> Spreng Seed Kernel Extract in Female Wistar Rats

Abstract

Background: Population growth has created a global dilemma, putting burden on economic, social, and ecological resources. Entada rheedii Spreng (ERS) seeds have many medicinal properties. In folkloric medicine, seeds are used as contraceptives, but no studies available. Aim: To evaluate antifertility potential of ERS seed kernel extract in female Wistar rats. Method: 90 Female Wistar rats with regular oestrus cycles and proven fertility were included. Methanol extract of ERS seed kernel was used in dose of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg by oral route. Part I-Reproductive outcome rats were kept for mating after 8 days’ initial drug treatment which continued for 21 days, number of litters was measured. Mothers were observed for regain of fertility and pubs for teratogenicity. Part II-Animals kept for mating followed by 7 days’ drug treatment, Laparotomy done on the 10th day, number of implants checked and after delivery litter size counted. Part-III Abortifacient effect rats kept for mating. Laparotomy done on day 10, drug treatment was given for 21 days and again laparotomy was done and resorption of implants was measured. Blood withdrawal done from the rats of reproductive outcome for hormonal estimation. Data analyzed with Graph Pad Prism 6. Results: The control rats showed a significant increase in litter numbers compared to treated animal in both the doses of ERS low (P < 0.001) and high (P < 0.001). Pubs appeared normal and reversal of effect in the form of gain of fertility after 21 days of treatment was evident. The treatment with ERS extract resulted in a statistical increase in the resorption index (P < 0.001) suggesting a failure of embryonic development. Anti-implantation and abortifacient action were seen with both doses of ERS. Conclusion: Results show that ERS seed kernel has potential and reversible antifertility effect in female Wistar rats.