Features of vegetative adaptation to educational activities of primary school children

Abstract

Purpose. To study the functional state of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which is involved in the formation of adaptation processes in schoolchildren with different physiological abilities. Material and methods. Three groups of junior schoolchildren were examined: 1st – intellectually gifted children, selected based on the results of specialized scales and tests; 2nd – children with high sports/physical abilities; 3rd (control) – schoolchildren with good academic performance and sports/physical abilities. The functional state of the ANS of children was studied using cardiointervalography. Results. The dynamics of the mode indicators, mode amplitude, variation range, and tension index of regulatory systems (IN) indicated that in group 1 the activity of the sympathetic influences of the ANS predominated, the ratio IN2/IN1 showed hypersympathicotonic reactivity. In group 2, the IN values corresponded to normotonic values. The majority of children in groups 2 and 3 had a normal type of autonomic response. The greatest increase in heart rate and systolic blood pressure during orthostasis was observed in group 1. Conclusion. Multidirectional changes in systolic blood pressure and an increase in diastolic blood pressure of varying degrees of severity were established in children of the study groups, which indicates the heterogeneous nature of vascular reactions to orthostasis. The rhythmogram indicators in group 1 are characterized by the predominance of the activity of the sympathetic influences of the ANS. The identified imbalance in the functional activity of the ANS in children of the 1st group indicates the tension of adaptation processes.