1. Department of Leisure and Recreation Management, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism, Kaohsiung city, Taiwan
2. Plymouth Business School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
3. Department of Marketing and Tourism Management, National Chiayi University, Chiayi County, Taiwan
4. Department of Culinary Arts, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism, Kaohsiung city, Taiwan