Product stewardship considerations for solar photovoltaic panels

Abstract

<abstract> <p>While the uptake of solar photovoltaic panels for the generation of clean energy has almost exponentially increased over the past about 10 years, effective end-of-life management legislation is still lacking in many nations. Organizations like the International Renewable Energy Agency have clearly outlined the need and benefit of robust end-of-life management legislations, such as a product stewardship scheme or extended producer responsibility, to avoid a looming significant waste legacy. This article explores a possible design of an end-of-life legislation for solar photovoltaic panels including new and existing panels, necessary legislation for a second-hand economy for solar photovoltaic panels, and options for necessary levies to support an emerging recycling industry for solar panels. The article also tries to make recommendations for a product stewardship scheme for solar photovoltaic panels and its financial support.</p> </abstract>