Treatment of greywater by Electrocoagulation process coupled with sand bed filter and activated carbon adsorption process in continuous mode

Abstract

<abstract> <p>Worldwide population growth and consumerism have elevated the water pollution problem to the top of the environmental priority list, with severe consequences for public health, particularly in agricultural countries such as India, where water scarcity is a big challenge. Hence, greywater has the potential to be one of the most sustainable options to meet the growing need for freshwater with satisfying treatment options. This study focused on the assessment of electrocoagulation coupled with the filtration and adsorption processes in continuous modes and different electrode arrangements including (Al-Fe-Al-Fe), (Fe-Al-Fe-Al), (Al-Al-Al-Al) and (Fe-Fe-Fe-Fe) to investigate the effect of specific flow rates (i.e., 0.05 and 0.1 liters per minute) on the removal efficiency. The findings show that a 0.05 lit/min flow rate produces a higher removal efficiency approximately between 85 to 90% with an energy consumption of between 0.5 to 4.75 KWh/m³ as compared to the 75 to 85% removal efficiency and 0.4 to 4 KWh/m³ energy consumption at a flow rate of 0.1 lit/min. The operational cost is variable and mainly depends upon the energy consumption; moreover, it was found that the optimal results and economy variation shown by the electrode assembly of Al-Fe-Al-Fe was between 20 to 22 Indian rupees at a 24 volt current density and in each combination of electrodes.</p> </abstract>