Affiliation:
1. Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
2. School of Technology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Abstract
<abstract><p>The search for therapies and prevention methods for HIV infection is essential for controlling the virus in a population. In this paper, we introduce a fractional order mathematical model to study the impact of the oral to the injectable Pre-Exposured Prophylaxis modality, which is completely new in terms of public health. For that, we consider current antiretroviral therapies, undiagnosed cases, and the impact of PrEP on the case diagnosis. To investigate the model, besides the use of fractional order derivatives, we also consider illustrative cases by means of demographic data from Brazil and parameter values from the literature. We compare the influence on incidence, prevalence, diagnosis, and mortality of oral PrEP with the injectable PrEP, which is the new current trend on the subject. As a result, an increasing in incidence, prevalence and also mortality are revealed by augmented fractional order of derivatives for both PrEP modalities, but PrEP reached better results in its oral modality. Despite the need for further studies, this contribution is intended as a first preliminary step to contribute to decision-making by health authorities.</p></abstract>
Publisher
American Institute of Mathematical Sciences (AIMS)
Reference47 articles.
1. I. Boniphace, M. Omari, R. S. Fred, M. Ferdinand, T. Marcel, HIV/AIDS, Clinical Manifestations and their Implication for Patient Clinical Staging in Resource Limited Settings in Tanzania, The Open AIDS Journal, 5 (2011), 9–16. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874613601105010009
2. UNAIDS, Global HIV and AIDS statistics, 2022. Available from: https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet
3. A. B. D'Angelo, D. A. Westmoreland, P. B. Carneiro, J. Johnson, C. Grov, Why Are Patients Switching from Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine (Truvada) to Tenofovir Alafenamide/Emtricitabine (Descovy) for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis? AIDS Patient Care STDS, 35 (2021), 327–334. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2021.0033
4. R. Schaefer, H. M. A. Schmidt, G. Ravasi, A. Mozalevskis, B. B. Rewari, F. Lule, et al., Adoption of guidelines on and use of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis: a global summary and forecasting study, The LANCET HIV, 8 (2021), e502–e510. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(21)00127-2
5. P.M. Luz, A. Benzaken, T. M. de Alencar, C. Pimenta, V. G. Veloso, B. Grinsztejn, PrEP adopted by the brazilian national health system: What is the size of the demand? Medicine (Baltimore), 97 (2018), S75–S77. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000010602