Affiliation:
1. Gustavus Adolphus College
Abstract
Some liquid chromatography (LC) troubleshooting topics never get old, because there are some problems that persist in the practice of LC, even as instrument technology improves over time. There are many ways for things to go wrong in an LC system that ultimately manifest as deviations from expected retention times. Lot-to-lot variability in column chemistry, effects of pressure on selectivity, and stationary phase loss are less frequently encountered causes of unexpected retention shifts, but ones that should be included in a comprehensive troubleshooting agenda.
Publisher
Multimedia Pharma Sciences, LLC
Reference6 articles.
1. LCGC “Guide to LC Troubleshooting” Wallchart (n.d.). https://www.chromatographyonline.com/view/troubleshooting-wallchart
2. Stoll, D. R. Essentials of LC Troubleshooting, Part II: Misbehaving Retention Times, LCGC N. Amer. 2022, 40 (4), 151–155. DOI: 10.56530/lcgc.na.fa1867h1
3. Dolan, J. W.; Snyder, L. R. The Hydrophobic-Subtraction Model for Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography: A Reprise. LCGC N. Amer. 2016, 34 (9), 730–741.
4. McGuffin, V. L.; Evans, C. E.; S.-H. Chen, S.-H. Direct Examination of Separation Processes in Liquid Chromatography: Effect of Temperature and Pressure on Solute Retention. J. Micro. Sep. 1993, 5, 3–10. DOI: 10.1002/mcs.1220050102
5. Fekete, S.; Fogwill, M.; Lauber, M. A. Pressure-Enhanced Liquid Chromatography, A Proof of Concept: Tuning Selectivity with Pressure Changes and Gradients, Anal. Chem. 2022, 94, 7877–7884. DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00464