Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global major health concern. Spatial analysis is considered an invaluable method in health studies. Therefore, we explored the usage of spatial analysis in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in studies on AMR in the environment. This systematic review is based on database searches, a content analysis, ranking of the included studies according to the preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluations (PROMETHEE) and estimation of data points per km2. Initial database searches resulted in 524 records after removal of duplicates. After the last stage of full text screening, 13 greatly heterogeneous articles with diverse study origins, methods and design remained. In the majority of studies, the data density was considerably less than one sampling site per km2 but exceeded 1,000 sites per km2 in one study. The results of the content analysis and ranking showed a variation between studies that primarily used spatial analysis and those that used spatial analysis as a sec ondary method. We identified two distinct groups of GIS methods. The first was focused on sample collection and laboratory testing, with GIS as supporting method. The second group used overlay analysis as the primary method to combine datasets in a map. In one case, both methods were combined. The low number of articles that met our inclusion criteria highlights a research gap. Based on the findings of this study we encourage application of GIS to its full potential in studies of AMR in the environment.
Subject
Health Policy,Geography, Planning and Development,Health (social science),Medicine (miscellaneous)
Reference43 articles.
1. Agga GE, Cook KL, Netthisinghe AMP, Gilfillen RA, Woosley PB, Sistani KR, 2019, Persistence of antibiotic resistance genes in beef cattle backgrounding environment over two years after cessation of operation. PloS one 14:e0212510.
2. Angelo Lellis Moreira M, dos Santos M, Francisco Simoes Gomes C, 2020, promethee123: PROMETHEE I, II, and III Methods. R package version 0.1.0.
3. Arya BK, Robert D, Das Bhattacharya S, Mukhopadhyay J, 2013, A framework for web based geographical information systems for country wide antimicrobial resistance monitoring. Health Policy Technol 2:85–93.
4. Baquero F, Martínez J-L, Cantón R, 2008, Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in water environments. Curr Opin Biotechnol 19:260–265.
5. Behzadian M, Kazemzadeh RB, Albadvi A and Aghdasi M, 2010, PROMETHEE: A comprehensive literature review on methodologies and applications. Eur J Oper Res 2001:198–215.