Viscous cosmology for early- and late-time universe

Author:

Brevik Iver1,Grøn Øyvind2,de Haro Jaume3,Odintsov Sergei D.4567,Saridakis Emmanuel N.8910ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway

2. Faculty of Technology, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Art and Design, St. Olavs Plass, N-0130 Oslo, Norway

3. Departament de Matemàtica Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain

4. ICREA, Passeig Luis Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain

5. Institute of Space Sciences (IEEC-CSIC) C. Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain

6. Tomsk State Pedagogical University, 634061 Tomsk and Int. Lab. Theor. Cosmology, Tomsk State Univ. of Control Systems and Radioelectronics (TUSUR), 634050 Tomsk, Russia

7. Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia

8. Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus GR 157 73, Athens, Greece

9. National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan

10. CASPER, Physics Department, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7310, USA

Abstract

From a hydrodynamicist’s point of view the inclusion of viscosity concepts in the macroscopic theory of the cosmic fluid would appear most natural, as an ideal fluid is after all an abstraction (exluding special cases such as superconductivity). Making use of modern observational results for the Hubble parameter plus standard Friedmann formalism, we may extrapolate the description of the universe back in time up to the inflationary era, or we may go to the opposite extreme and analyze the probable ultimate fate of the universe. In this review, we discuss a variety of topics in cosmology when it is enlarged in order to contain a bulk viscosity. Various forms of this viscosity, when expressed in terms of the fluid density or the Hubble parameter, are discussed. Furthermore, we consider homogeneous as well as inhomogeneous equations of state. We investigate viscous cosmology in the early universe, examining the viscosity effects on the various inflationary observables. Additionally, we study viscous cosmology in the late universe, containing current acceleration and the possible future singularities, and we investigate how one may even unify inflationary and late-time acceleration. Finally, we analyze the viscosity-induced crossing through the quintessence-phantom divide, we examine the realization of viscosity-driven cosmological bounces, and we briefly discuss how the Cardy–Verlinde formula is affected by viscosity.

Publisher

World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics,Mathematical Physics

Reference164 articles.

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