Optimization effect of annealing treatment on oxygen-implanted Nd:CNGG waveguides

Author:

Liu Chun-Xiao1,Fu Li-Li2,Cheng Liang-Liang3,Zhu Xu-Feng4,Lin She-Bao5,Zheng Rui-Lin1,Zhou Zhi-Guang6,Guo Hai-Tao6,Li Wei-Nan6,Wei Wei1

Affiliation:

1. School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China

2. College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China

3. School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China

4. Beijing Aerospace Automatic Control Institute, Beijing 100854, China

5. Institute of Physics & Optoelectronics Technology, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji 721007, China

6. State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi’an 710119, China

Abstract

Neodymium-doped calcium niobium gallium garnet (Nd:CNGG) waveguide operated at 632.8 nm is demonstrated by the 3.0-MeV oxygen-ion implantation with a fluence of [Formula: see text] ions/cm2. The annealing treatment at 300[Formula: see text]C for 45 min is carried out to optimize the waveguide quality. The dark-mode spectra are measured by the [Formula: see text]-line technique. The refractive index profiles are calculated from the effective refractive indices of the waveguide modes. The near-field intensity distributions are simulated based on the reconstructed refractive index profiles. The annealing treatment process could effectively remove unwanted defects and optimize the waveguide quality. The optical properties of the annealed waveguide are better than that of the as-implanted waveguide.

Publisher

World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt

Subject

Condensed Matter Physics,Statistical and Nonlinear Physics

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