Temperature-dependent energy storage characterization of Pb-free relaxor ferroelectrics

Abstract

The energy storage properties of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]TiO3–[Formula: see text]BaTiO3([Formula: see text]) (BNT–BT) ceramics obtained via sol–gel method are determined from the polarization versus electric field ([Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text]) loops at various temperatures. The energy storage densities are observed to increase with increase in temperature and this may be attributed to the presence of antiferroelectric (AFE) phase at higher temperature ([Formula: see text]C). Obvious changes are observed in the saturation polarization ([Formula: see text] and remnant polarization ([Formula: see text] with increasing temperature. The maximum energy storage density of 0.6[Formula: see text]J/cm3 is observed for [Formula: see text] in the AFE phase at 150∘C for 90[Formula: see text]kV/cm of applied electric field. BNT–BT can be a promising candidate for energy storage devices to be used in above-room-temperature environment.