Impact of nonlinear thermal radiation on three-dimensional unsteady flow of carbon nanotube-suspended nanofluid with different length and radius over a stretching surface

Abstract

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) influenced nanofluid is gaining popularity in the industry for solar energy and scratch heat exchanger applications. Consequently, this research focuses on evaluating the impact of nonlinear thermal radiation from a CNT-based nanofluid on an unsteady three-dimensional nonasymmetric Homann stagnant flux as a function of length and radius. CNTs have remarkable thermal physical properties that appear to be critical for nonlinear thermal transport. As a result, the nonlinear heat transfer properties of H2O composed of single or multiple wall CNTs are studied. The nanomaterial has a length and radius of approximately [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Partially differential equations with appropriate similarity transformations serve as a mathematical model for the process. The numerical solution of the simplified system of equations is achieved via the use of the well-known Runge–Kutta (RK) method in conjunction with the shooting approach. An effective way to show how a component affects velocity and temperature, skin frictions in both direction and Nusselt number are utilized in graphical representations. Increasing the unsteadiness parameter causes a reduction in the temperature profile and the velocity profile in both directions. As [Formula: see text] grows larger with [Formula: see text], the skin friction in both directions decreases, while the Nusselt number profile grows larger. In addition, the variation in the Nusselt number is included in the tables, along with a comparison of the model without radiation to the model with radiation.