MHD Marangoni convection heat transfer of Ag-Cu hybrid nanofluid under a stretching/shrinking sheet with the effect of suction

Abstract

This paper examines the heat transfer characteristics of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), suction, and Marangoni convection under the stretching/shrinking Ag–Cu hybrid nanofluid surface flow. First, the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) were transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs), and the numerical result was obtained using the boundary value problem solver (bvp4c) in MATLAB. The development of the Nusselt number, the velocity profile and the temperature profile was plotted, discussed and inspected. Next, this paper undergoes stability analysis and heat transfer rate comparison between water, nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid. The dual solutions were observed, and the upper branch solution is determined to be stable. Compared to water, the heat transfer rates of Ag–Cu hybrid nanofluid and Cu nanofluid were accelerated by 2.84% and 2.75%, respectively.