Fractal-based approach on analyzing the trends of climate dynamics

Abstract

The terminology “climate change” refers to changes that occur over longer periods of time in the climate and weather patterns of the world. This paper investigates the climate changing patterns by providing a relationship between carbon dioxide emissions and natural parameters such as temperature and precipitation anomaly. The irregularity of the temperature anomaly and precipitation anomaly is analyzed using the fractal dimension via the Hurst exponent. The range of fractal dimensions for the parameters is estimated between 1.01 and 1.60. From the obtained values of fractal dimension, the parameters are classified and their short-term forecast is presented from 2023 to 2032 using the autoregressive integrated moving average model.