1. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
2. Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, and
3. Advanced Perioperative Imaging Lab, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
4. Keenan Research Centre and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Department of Critical Care Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
5. Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada