Abstract
AbstractBackgroundEngland, UK has experienced a large outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection. As in USA and elsewhere, disadvantaged communities have been disproportionately affected.MethodsNational REal-time Assessment of Community Transmission-2 (REACT-2) prevalence study using a self-administered lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) test for IgG among a random population sample of 100,000 adults over 18 years in England, 20 June to 13 July 2020.ResultsData were available for 109,076 participants, yielding 5,544 IgG positive results; adjusted (for test performance) and re-weighted (for sampling) prevalence was 6.0% (95% Cl: 5.8, 6.1). Highest prevalence was in London (13.0% [12.3, 13.6]), among people of Black or Asian (mainly South Asian) ethnicity (17.3% [15.8, 19.1] and 11.9% [11.0, 12.8] respectively) and those aged 18-24 years (7.9% [7.3, 8.5]). Adjusted odds ratio for care home workers with client-facing roles was 3.1 (2.5, 3.8) compared with non-essential workers. One third (32.2%, [31.0-33.4]) of antibody positive individuals reported no symptoms. Among symptomatic cases, most (78.8%) reported symptoms during the peak of the epidemic in England in March (31.3%) and April (47.5%) 2020. We estimate that 3.36 million (3.21, 3.51) people have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 in England to end June 2020, with an overall infection fatality ratio (IFR) of 0.90% (0.86, 0.94); age-specific IFR was similar among people of different ethnicities.ConclusionThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in England disproportionately affected ethnic minority groups and health and care home workers. The higher risk of infection in minority ethnic groups may explain their increased risk of hospitalisation and mortality from COVID-19.
Publisher
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Reference40 articles.
1. Office for National Statistics. Comparisons of all-cause mortality between European countries and regions: January to June 2020. Online report, 30 July 2020 [Available from: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunitv/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/articles/comparisonsofallcausemortalitvbetweeneuropeancountriesandregions/ianuarvtoiune2020
2. Leon DA , Jarvis Cl , Johnson AM , Smeeth L , Shkolnikov VM . What can trends in hospital deaths from COVID-19 tell us about the progress and peak of the pandemic? An analysis of death counts from England announced up to 25 April 2020. medRxiv. 2020:2020.04.21.20073049.
3. Public Health England. Disparities in the risk and outcomes of COVID-19. Online report. PHE, 2020 [Available from: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/svstem/uploads/attachment_data/file/892085/disparities_review.pdf.
4. Features of 20 133 UK patients in hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: prospective observational cohort study
5. Aldridge RW , Lewer D , Katikireddi SV , Mathur R , Pathak N , Burns R , et al. Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic groups in England are at increased risk of death from COVID-19: indirect standardisation of NHS mortality data Wellcome Open Research. 2020; 5(88).
Cited by
124 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献