Author:
Levy Maayan,Thaiss Christoph A.,Elinav Eran
Abstract
The mammalian intestine harbors one of the largest microbial densities on Earth, necessitating the implementation of control mechanisms by which the host evaluates the state of microbial colonization and reacts to deviations from homeostasis. While microbial recognition by the innate immune system has been firmly established as an efficient means by which the host evaluates microbial presence, recent work has uncovered a central role for bacterial metabolites in the orchestration of the host immune response. In this review, we highlight examples of how microbiota-modulated metabolites control the development, differentiation, and activity of the immune system and classify them into functional categories that illustrate the spectrum of ways by which microbial metabolites influence host physiology. A comprehensive understanding of how microbiota-derived metabolites shape the human immune system is critical for the rational design of therapies for microbiota-driven diseases.
Funder
Yael and Rami Ungar, Israel
Gurwin Family Fund for Scientific Research
Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust
Crown Endowment Fund for Immunological Research
Jack Gitlitz
Lydia Hershkovich
Benoziyo Endowment Fund for the Advancement of Science
Adelis Foundation
Pacific Palisades
Alan Markovitz, Canada
Cynthia Adelson, Canada
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
European Research Council
Kenneth Rainin Foundation
German-Israel Binational Foundation
Israel Science Foundation
Minerva Foundation
Rising Tide foundation
Alon Foundation scholar award
Publisher
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Subject
Developmental Biology,Genetics
Cited by
312 articles.
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