One minute Multiple Pupillary Frequency Tagging test to assess visual field defects

Abstract

Pupillary responses to light offer a convenient and objective way to quickly assess the functional health of the anterior afferent visual pathways. We here present a proof of concept of an innovative one minute pupillary test consisting in 9 visual sub-regions simultaneously modulated in luminance at 9 different temporal frequencies. The spectral power of the sustained pupillary responses evoked by this display over 45 seconds of passive fixation distinguishes patients with retinal and optic nerve diseases from healthy participants with remarkable sensitivity and specificity, at both global and local scales. Reliable and fast, this test could ease patient care and allow screening for, and following-up, chronic ophthalmic diseases whose prevalence worryingly increases worldwide.