A chromosome-level reference genome for the common octopus,Octopus vulgaris(Cuvier, 1797)

Abstract

AbstractCephalopods are emerging animal models and include iconic species for studying the link between genomic innovations and physiological and behavioral complexities. Coleoid cephalopods possess the largest nervous system among invertebrates, both for cell counts and brain-to-body ratio.Octopus vulgarishas been at the center of a long-standing tradition of research into diverse aspects of cephalopod biology, including behavioral and neural plasticity, learning and memory recall, regeneration, and sophisticated cognition. However, no chromosome-scale genome assembly is available forO. vulgaristo aid in functional studies. To fill this gap, we sequenced and assembled a chromosome-scale genome of the common octopus,O. vulgaris. The final assembly spans 2.8 billion basepairs, 99.34% of which are in 30 chromosome-scale scaffolds. Hi-C heatmaps support a karyotype of 1n=30 chromosomes. Comparisons with other octopus species’ genomes show a conserved octopus karyotype, and a pattern of local genome rearrangements between species. This new chromosome-scale genome ofO. vulgariswill further facilitate research in all aspects of cephalopod biology, including various forms of plasticity and the neural machinery underlying sophisticated cognition, as well as an understanding of cephalopod evolution.