Malaria surveillance reveals parasite relatedness, signatures of selection, and correlates of transmission across Senegal
Author:
Schaffner Stephen F.ORCID, Badiane AidaORCID, Khorgade Akanksha, Ndiop Medoune, Gomis JulesORCID, Wong WesleyORCID, Ndiaye Yaye DieORCID, Diedhiou Younouss, Thwing JulieORCID, Seck Mame CheikhORCID, Early AngelaORCID, Sy Mouhamad, Deme AwaORCID, Diallo Mamadou AlphaORCID, Sy Ngayo, Sene Aita, Ndiaye Tolla, Sow Djiby, Dieye BabaORCID, Ndiaye Ibrahima MbayeORCID, Gaye AmyORCID, Ndiaye Aliou, Battle Katherine E.ORCID, Proctor Joshua L., Bever Caitlin, Fall Fatou Ba, Diallo IbrahimaORCID, Gaye Seynabou, Sene Doudou, Hartl Daniel L.ORCID, Wirth Dyann F.ORCID, MacInnis BronwynORCID, Ndiaye Daouda, Volkman Sarah K.ORCID
Abstract
AbstractParasite genetic surveillance has the potential to play an important role in malaria control. We describe here an analysis of data from the first year of an ongoing, nationwide program of genetic surveillance ofPlasmodium falciparumparasites in Senegal, intended to provide actionable information for malaria control efforts. Looking for a good proxy for local malaria incidence, we found that the best predictor was the proportion of polygenomic infections (those with multiple genetically distinct parasites), although that relationship broke down in very low incidence settings (r = 0.77 overall). The proportion of closely related parasites in a site was more weakly correlated (r= -0.44) with incidence while the local genetic diversity was uninformative. Study of related parasites indicated their potential for discriminating local transmission patterns: two nearby study areas had similarly high fractions of relatives, but one area was dominated by clones and the other by outcrossed relatives. Throughout the country, 58% of related parasites proved to belong to a single network of relatives, within which parasites were enriched for shared haplotypes at known and suspected drug resistance loci as well as at one novel locus, reflective of ongoing selection pressure.
Publisher
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
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