Stable population structure in Europe since the Iron Age, despite high mobility
Author:
Antonio Margaret L.ORCID, Weiß Clemens L.ORCID, Gao ZiyueORCID, Sawyer Susanna, Oberreiter Victoria, Moots Hannah M.ORCID, Spence Jeffrey P.ORCID, Cheronet OliviaORCID, Zagorc Brina, Praxmarer Elisa, Özdoğan Kadir Toykan, Demetz Lea, Lucci MichaelaORCID, Alihodžić Timka, Amrani Selma, Avetisyan PavelORCID, Baillif-Ducros ChristèleORCID, Bedić Željka, Bertrand AudreyORCID, Bilić Maja, Bondioli LucaORCID, Borówka PaulinaORCID, Botte EmmanuelORCID, Burmaz Josip, Bužanić DomagojORCID, Candilio FrancescaORCID, Cvetko MirnaORCID, De Angelis Daniela, Drnić Ivan, Elschek KristiánORCID, Fantar Mounir, Gaspari Andrej, Gasperetti Gabriella, Genchi FrancescoORCID, Golubović Snežana, Hukeľová ZuzanaORCID, Jankauskas RimantasORCID, Vučković Kristina JelinčićORCID, Jeremić Gordana, Kaić IvaORCID, Kazek Kevin, Khachatryan HamazaspORCID, Khudaverdyan AnahitORCID, Kirchengast Sylvia, Korać Miomir, Kozlowski Valérie, Krošláková MáriaORCID, Špalj Dora Kušan, La Pastina Francesco, Laguardia Marie, Legrand Sandra, Leleković TinoORCID, Leskovar TamaraORCID, Lorkiewicz WiesławORCID, Los Dženi, Silva Ana MariaORCID, Masaryk Rene, Matijević Vinka, Cherifi Yahia Mehdi Seddik, Meyer Nicholas, Mikić Ilija, Miladinović-Radmilović Nataša, Zakić Branka Milošević, Nacouzi Lina, Natuniewicz-Sekuła MagdalenaORCID, Nava AlessiaORCID, Neugebauer-Maresch ChristineORCID, Nováček Jan, Osterholtz Anna, Paige Julianne, Paraman LujanaORCID, Pieri Dominique, Pieta KarolORCID, Pop-Lazić Stefan, Ruttkay MatejORCID, Sanader MirjanaORCID, Sołtysiak ArkadiuszORCID, Sperduti AlessandraORCID, Pesterac Tijana Stankovic, Teschler-Nicola MariaORCID, Teul IwonaORCID, Tončinić DomagojORCID, Trapp Julien, Vulović Dragana, Waliszewski Tomasz, Walter Diethard, Zivanovic Milos, Filah Mohamed el Mostefa, Čaušević-Bully MoranaORCID, Šlaus MarioORCID, Boric Dusan, Novak MarioORCID, Coppa AlfredoORCID, Pinhasi Ron, Pritchard Jonathan K.ORCID
Abstract
AbstractAncient DNA research in the past decade has revealed that European population structure changed dramatically in the prehistoric period (14,000-3,000 years before present, YBP), reflecting the widespread introduction of Neolithic farmer and Bronze Age Steppe ancestries. However, little is known about how population structure changed in the historical period onward (3,000 YBP - present). To address this, we collected whole genomes from 204 individuals from Europe and the Mediterranean, many of which are the first historical period genomes from their region (e.g. Armenia, France). We found that most regions show remarkable inter-individual heterogeneity. Around 8% of historical individuals carry ancestry uncommon in the region where they were sampled, some indicating cross-Mediterranean contacts. Despite this high level of mobility, overall population structure across western Eurasia is relatively stable through the historical period up to the present, mirroring the geographic map. We show that, under standard population genetics models with local panmixia, the observed level of dispersal would lead to a collapse of population structure. Persistent population structure thus suggests a lower effective migration rate than indicated by the observed dispersal. We hypothesize that this phenomenon can be explained by extensive transient dispersal arising from drastically improved transportation networks and the Roman Empire’s mobilization of people for trade, labor, and military. This work highlights the utility of ancient DNA in elucidating finer scale human population dynamics in recent history.
Publisher
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
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