Identification of Alpha-Gal conjugated Lipids in Saliva of Lone-Star Tick (Amblyomma americanum)

Abstract

AbstractAlpha-Gal Syndrome (AGS) is a delayed allergic reaction triggered by IgE antibodies targeting galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-gal), prevalent in red meat. Its global significance has increased, with over 450,000 estimated cases in the United States alone. AGS is linked to tick bites, causing sensitization and elevated α-gal specific IgE levels. However, the precise mechanisms and tick intrinsic factors contributing to AGS development post-tick bites remain unclear. This study aims to characterize the alphagal conjugated lipid antigens inAmblyomma americanum(Am. americanum) salivary glands and saliva. Nanospray ionization mass spectrometry (NSI-MS) analysis revealed the identification of α-gal bound lipid antigens inAm. americanumsaliva. Additionally, activation of basophils by isolated alpha-gal bound lipids and proteins provides evidence of their antigenic capabilities.