Bridging Big Data: Procedures for Combining Non-equivalent Cognitive Measures from the ENIGMA Consortium

Author:

Kennedy EamonnORCID,Vadlamani Shashank,Lindsey Hannah MORCID,Lei Pui-Wa,Jo-Pugh MaryORCID,Adamson MaheenORCID,Alda MartinORCID,Alonso-Lana SilviaORCID,Ambrogi SoniaORCID,Anderson Tim JORCID,Arango Celso,Asarnow Robert F,Avram MihaiORCID,Ayesa-Arriola RosaORCID,Babikian Talin,Banaj NerisaORCID,Bird Laura JORCID,Borgwardt Stefan,Brodtmann AmyORCID,Brosch KatharinaORCID,Caeyenberghs Karen,Calhoun Vince DORCID,Chiaravalloti Nancy DORCID,Cifu David X,Crespo-Facorro Benedicto,Dalrymple-Alford John CORCID,Dams-O’Connor Kristen,Dannlowski UdoORCID,Darby DavidORCID,Davenport Nicholas,DeLuca JohnORCID,Diaz-Caneja Covadonga M,Disner Seth GORCID,Dobryakova Ekaterina,Ehrlich StefanORCID,Esopenko CarrieORCID,Ferrarelli Fabio,Frank Lea EORCID,Franz CarolORCID,Fuentes-Claramonte PaolaORCID,Genova HelenORCID,Giza Christopher CORCID,Goltermann JanikORCID,Grotegerd DominikORCID,Gruber MariusORCID,Gutierrez-Zotes AlfonsoORCID,Ha Minji,Haavik JanORCID,Hinkin Charles,Hoskinson Kristen RORCID,Hubl Daniela,Irimia AndreiORCID,Jansen AndreasORCID,Kaess Michael,Kang Xiaojian,Kenney KimbraORCID,Keřková BarboraORCID,Khlif Mohamed Salah,Kim MinahORCID,Kindler JochenORCID,Kircher TiloORCID,Knížková KarolinaORCID,Kolskår Knut KORCID,Krch DeniseORCID,Kremen William SORCID,Kuhn TaylorORCID,Kumari Veena,Kwon Jun SooORCID,Langella Roberto,Laskowitz Sarah,Lee Jungha,Lengenfelder Jean,Liebel Spencer WORCID,Liou-Johnson Victoria,Lippa Sara M,Løvstad MarianneORCID,Lundervold Astri,Marotta Cassandra,Marquardt Craig AORCID,Mattos PauloORCID,Mayeli AhmadORCID,McDonald Carrie R,Meinert SusanneORCID,Melzer Tracy RORCID,Merchán-Naranjo JessicaORCID,Michel ChantalORCID,Morey Rajendra A,Mwangi Benson,Myall Daniel JORCID,Nenadić IgorORCID,Newsome Mary RORCID,Nunes AbrahamORCID,O’Brien TerenceORCID,Oertel Viola,Ollinger John,Olsen AlexanderORCID,de la Foz Victor Ortiz GarcíaORCID,Ozmen MustafaORCID,Pardoe HeathORCID,Parent Marise,Piras FabrizioORCID,Piras FedericaORCID,Pomarol-Clotet Edith,Repple JonathanORCID,Richard GenevièveORCID,Rodriguez Jonathan,Rodriguez Mabel,Rootes-Murdy Kelly,Rowland Jared,Ryan Nicholas PORCID,Salvador Raymond,Sanders Anne-MartheORCID,Schmidt AndreORCID,Soares Jair C,Spalleta GianfrancoORCID,Španiel Filip,Stasenko AlenaORCID,Stein FrederikeORCID,Straube BenjaminORCID,Thames April,Thomas-Odenthal FlorianORCID,Thomopoulos Sophia IORCID,Tone ErinORCID,Torres IvanORCID,Troyanskaya Maya,Turner Jessica A,Ulrichsen Kristine MORCID,Umpierrez Guillermo,Vilella ElisabetORCID,Vivash Lucy,Walker William C,Werden Emilio,Westlye Lars TORCID,Wild Krista,Wroblewski AdrianORCID,Wu Mon-JuORCID,Wylie Glenn RORCID,Yatham Lakshmi N,Zunta-Soares Giovana B,Thompson Paul MORCID,Tate David FORCID,Hillary Frank G,Dennis Emily LORCID,Wilde Elisabeth AORCID

Abstract

AbstractInvestigators in neuroscience have turned to Big Data to address replication and reliability issues by increasing sample sizes, statistical power, and representativeness of data. These efforts unveil new questions about integrating data arising from distinct sources and instruments. We focus on the most frequently assessed cognitive domain - memory testing - and demonstrate a process for reliable data harmonization across three common measures. We aggregated global raw data from 53 studies totaling N = 10,505 individuals. A mega-analysis was conducted using empirical bayes harmonization to remove site effects, followed by linear models adjusting for common covariates. A continuous item response theory (IRT) model estimated each individual’s latent verbal learning ability while accounting for item difficulties. Harmonization significantly reduced inter-site variance while preserving covariate effects, and our conversion tool is freely available online. This demonstrates that large-scale data sharing and harmonization initiatives can address reproducibility and integration challenges across the behavioral sciences.TeaserWe present a global effort to devise harmonization procedures necessary to meaningfully leverage big data.

Publisher

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

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