The maize preligule band is subdivided into distinct domains with contrasting cellular properties prior to ligule outgrowth

Abstract

AbstractThe maize ligule is a fringe of epidermis-derived tissue, which arises from the preligule band (PLB) at a boundary between the blade and sheath. A hinge-like auricle also develops immediately distal to the ligule and contributes to blade angle. Here, we characterize the stages of PLB and early ligule development in terms of topography, cell area, division orientation, cell wall rigidity, and auxin response dynamics. Differential thickening of epidermal cells and localized periclinal divisions contributed to the formation of a ridge within the PLB, which ultimately produces the ligule fringe. Patterns in cell wall rigidity were consistent with the subdivision of the PLB into two regions along a distinct line positioned at the nascent ridge. The proximal region produces the ligule, while the distal region contributes to one epidermal face of the auricles. Whereas the auxin transporter PIN1 accumulated in the PLB, observed differential auxin transcriptional response did not underlie the partitioning of the PLB. Our data demonstrate that two zones with contrasting cellular properties, the preligule and preauricle, are specified within the ligular region prior to ligule outgrowth.Summary StatementChanges in cell geometry, division orientation, and cell wall mechanics underlie maize ligule morphogenesis. The establishment of mechanically distinct epidermal domains coincides with topographical changes during early ligule outgrowth.