A method for selecting the optimal warping path of dynamic time warping in gait analysis

Abstract

This study aims to demonstrate that when performing dynamic time warping (DTW) on gait data, multiple optimal warping paths (OWPs) with a minimum sum of local costs can occur and to propose an additional OWP selection method to address this problem. A 3-dimensional motion analysis experiment was conducted on 55 adult participants, including both males and females, to acquire gait data. This study analyzed 990 instances of DTW on gait data to examine the occurrence of multiple OWPs with the minimum sum of local costs. We subsequently applied an additional selection method to the multiple OWPs to determine the feasibility of identifying a single OWP. Multiple OWPs through DTW were observed 82 times, accounting for 8.28%. Notably, on the ankle joint of males, the rate was the highest at 11.11%. Cases with two multiple OWPs were the most prevalent at 56.10%, and cases with ten or more multiple OWPs accounted for 19.51%. The additional selection method proposed in this study was applied to the 82 instances in which multiple OWPs occurred. The results demonstrated the ability to identify a unique OWP in all cases. These results hold significance in identifying the shortcomings of conventional OWP selection methods previously employed and proposing solutions. It enhances the reliability, validity, and accuracy of studies utilizing DTW.