One-year sustained cellular and humoral immunities of COVID-19 convalescents

Author:

Zhang Jie1,Lin Hao1,Ye Beiwei1,Zhao Min2,Zhan Jianbo3,Dong Shaobo4,Guo Yaxin1,Zhao Yingze1,Li Min1,Liu Sai15,Zhang Hangjie1,Xiao Wenling15,Guo Yuanyuan1,Yue Can16,Zhang Danni1,Yang Mengjie1,Zhang Jing1,Quan Chuansong7,Shi Weifeng7,Liu Xinxue8,Liu Peipei1,Jiang Yongzhong3,Wu Guizhen1,Gao George F126,Liu William J15ORCID

Affiliation:

1. NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China

2. CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

3. Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, China

4. Macheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huanggang 438300, China

5. College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China

6. Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

7. Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China

8. Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK

Abstract

Abstract Background The longitudinal antigen-specific immunity in COVID-19 convalescents is crucial for long-term protection upon individual re-exposure to SARS-CoV-2, and even more pivotal for ultimately achieving population-level immunity. To better understand the features of immune memory in individuals with different disease severities at one year post-disease onset we conducted this cohort study. Methods We conducted a systematic antigen-specific immune evaluation in 101 COVID-19 convalescents, who had asymptomatic, mild, moderate, or severe disease, through two visits at months 6 and 12 post-disease onset. The SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, comprising NAb, IgG, and IgM, were assessed by mutually corroborated assays, i.e. neutralization, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and microparticle chemiluminescence immunoassay (MCLIA). Meanwhile, the T-cell memory against SARS-CoV-2 spike, membrane and nucleocapsid proteins was tested through enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISpot), intracellular cytokine staining (ICS), and tetramer staining-based flow cytometry, respectively. Results SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies, and also NAb can persist among over 95% COVID-19 convalescents from 6 months to 12 months after disease onset. At least 19/71 (26%) of COVID-19 convalescents (double positive in ELISA and MCLIA) had detectable circulating IgM antibody against SARS-CoV-2 at 12m post-disease onset. Notably, the percentages of convalescents with positive SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses (at least one of the SARS-CoV-2 antigen S1, S2, M and N protein) were 71/76 (93%) and 67/73 (92%) at 6m and 12m, respectively. Furthermore, both antibody and T-cell memory levels of the convalescents were positively associated with their disease severity. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2-specific cellular and humoral immunities are durable at least until one year after disease onset.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Microbiology (medical)

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