Longitudinal Dynamics of Immune Response in Occupational Populations Post COVID-19 Infection in the Changning District of Shanghai, China

Author:

Li Li1ORCID,Wang Fengge23,He Xiaoding1,Pei Tingting1,Lu Jiani1,Zhang Zhan1,Zhao Ping1,Xue Jiayu1,Zhu Lin1,Chen Xinxin1,Yan Zijie1,Lu Yihan23ORCID,Zhuang Jianlin1

Affiliation:

1. Shanghai Changning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 39 Yunwushan Road, Shanghai 200051, China

2. Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, 130 Dong’an Road, Shanghai 200032, China

3. Department of Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong’an Road, Shanghai 200032, China

Abstract

Monitoring the long-term changes in antibody and cellular immunity following Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is crucial for understanding immune mechanisms that prevent reinfection. In March 2023, we recruited 167 participants from the Changning District, Shanghai, China. A subset of 66 participants that were infected between November 2022 and January 2023 was selected for longitudinal follow-up. The study aimed to investigate the dynamics of the immune response, including neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), anti-spike (S)-immunoglobulin G (IgG), anti-S-IgM, and lymphocyte profiles, by analyzing peripheral blood samples collected three to seven months post infection. A gradual decrease in NAbs and IgG levels were observed from three to seven months post infection. No significant differences in NAbs and IgG titers were found across various demographics, including age, sex, occupation, and symptomatic presentation, across five follow-up assessments. Additionally, a strong correlation between NAbs and IgG levels was identified. Lymphocyte profiles showed a slight change at five months but had returned to baseline levels by seven months post infection. Notably, healthcare workers exhibited lower B-cell levels compared to police officers. Our study demonstrated that the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection persisted for at least seven months. Similar patterns in the dynamics of antibody responses and cellular immunity were observed throughout this period.

Funder

Changning District Acute Infectious Disease Prevention Doctoral and Postdoctoral Innovative Talent

Publisher

MDPI AG

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