Linking high diversification rates of rapidly growing Amazonian plants to geophysical landscape transformations promoted by Andean uplift

Author:

Figueiredo Fernando O G1,André Thiago2ORCID,Moulatlet Gabriel M3,Saka Mariana N4,Araujo Mário H T5,Tuomisto Hanna67,Zuquim Gabriela6,Emílio Thaise8,Balslev Henrik9,Borchsenius Finn9,Campos Juliana V10,Silveira Marcos11,Rodrigues Domingos J12,Costa Flavia R C13

Affiliation:

1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil

2. Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, PA, Brazil

3. Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Tena, Ecuador

4. Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’, Campus Rio Claro, SP, Brazil

5. PPG Botânica, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil

6. Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

7. Department of Biology, Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Aarhus University, Denmark

8. Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil

9. Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark

10. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil

11. Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil

12. Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, SINOP, Cuiabá, MT,  Brazil

13. Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil

Abstract

Abstract Amazonia is extremely biodiverse, but the mechanisms for the origin of this diversity are still under debate. We propose a diversification model for Amazonia based on the interplay of intrinsic clade functional traits, habitat associations and past geological events, using as a model group the species-rich Neotropical family Marantaceae. Our results show that the species richness of the lineage is predicted by functional strategy, rather than clade age, and thus the fast vs. slow growth functional trade-off is a major determinant of clade diversification in Marantaceae. Rapidly growing clades were mostly associated with highly productive habitats, and their origin and diversification dynamics matched the expansion of fertile soils mediated by Andean uplift c. 23 Mya. Fast-growth strategies probably led to fast molecular evolution, speeding up speciation rates and species accumulation, resulting in higher numbers of extant species. Our results indicate that pure allopatric-dispersal models disconnected from past geological and ecological forces may be inadequate for explaining the evolutionary and diversity patterns in Amazonian lowlands. We suggest that a coupling of the functional trait-niche framework with diversification dynamics provides insights into the evolutionary history of tropical forests and helps elucidate the mechanisms underlying the origin and evolution of its spectacular biodiversity.

Funder

Brazilian Program for Biodiversity Research

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments

FAPEAM/ FAPESP

Academy of Finland

University of Turku Graduate School

Finnish Cultural Foundation

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Plant Science,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

Reference87 articles.

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4. Predicting the depth of hydromorphic soil characteristics influenced by groundwater;Bock;Hamburger Beiträge zur Physischen Geographie und Landschaftsökologie,2008

5. Molecular phylogeny and redefined generic limits of Calathea (Marantaceae);Borchsenius;Systematic Botany,2012

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