Establishment of Deep-Eutectic-Solvent-Assisted Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion Extraction for the Determination of Four Flavonoids in Scutellariae Radix Based on the Concept of Quality by Design

Abstract

Abstract Background Sample preparation is the most crucial step in analytical schemes. Micro-matrix solid-phase dispersion, as a method for microextraction of analytes, has prevailed recently for its low sample and extraction solvent consumption. However, small amounts of adsorbent or sample, or a short extraction time, always bring uncertainty to the result when using this method. Objective The aim was to develop a simple and reliable method of deep-eutectic-solvent-assisted ultrasonic-synchronized matrix solid-phase dispersion microextraction for the analysis of four flavonoids in Scutellariae Radix based on the concept of quality by design. Method The ZSM-5 molecular sieve was used as a new adsorbent in the micro-matrix solid-phase dispersion process. Single-factor and Box–Behnken designs were used to construct the design space. Results Verification of the experiment demonstrated that the design space is robust. Under optimal conditions, all analytes showed good linearity (R2 > 0.999), high reproducibility (RSD < 2.24%) and stability (RSD < 2.87%), and satisfactory recoveries (95.90–102.31%), which indicated that the established method is reliable and reproducible. Moreover, it has been successfully applied to determine the flavonoids in nine batches of Scutellariae Radix. Conclusions The results indicate a great potential for analyzing complicated samples especially with small amount and helping to promote the quality control of the sample preparation process for traditional Chinese medicines. Highlights A systematic approach using a facile deep-eutectic-solvent-assisted ultrasonic-synchronized matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction coupled with HPLC for the analysis of flavonoids in Scutellariae Radix has been developed based on the concept of quality by design.