Hepcidin-regulating iron metabolism genes and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a pathway analysis of genome-wide association studies

Author:

Julián-Serrano Sachelly1ORCID,Yuan Fangcheng1,Wheeler William2,Benyamin Beben34,Machiela Mitchell J1,Arslan Alan A5,Beane-Freeman Laura E1,Bracci Paige M6,Duell Eric J789,Du Mengmeng10,Gallinger Steven11,Giles Graham G121314ORCID,Goodman Phyllis J15,Kooperberg Charles16,Marchand Loic Le17,Neale Rachel E18ORCID,Shu Xiao-Ou19,Van Den Eeden Stephen K20ORCID,Visvanathan Kala21ORCID,Zheng Wei19,Albanes Demetrius1ORCID,Andreotti Gabriella1,Ardanaz Eva222324,Babic Ana25,Berndt Sonja I1,Brais Lauren K25,Brennan Paul26,Bueno-de-Mesquita Bas27ORCID,Buring Julie E28,Chanock Stephen J1,Childs Erica J29,Chung Charles C1,Fabiánová Eleonora30,Foretová Lenka31,Fuchs Charles S32ORCID,Gaziano J Michael33,Gentiluomo Manuel3435,Giovannucci Edward L25,Goggins Michael G36,Hackert Thilo37ORCID,Hartge Patricia1,Hassan Manal M38,Holcátová Ivana39,Holly Elizabeth A6,Hung Rayjean I11,Janout Vladimir40,Kurtz Robert C41,Lee I-Min2842,Malats Núria43,McKean David29,Milne Roger L121314,Newton Christina C44,Oberg Ann L45ORCID,Perdomo Sandra26,Peters Ulrike16,Porta Miquel46ORCID,Rothman Nathaniel1,Schulze Matthias B4748,Sesso Howard D28,Silverman Debra T1,Thompson Ian M49,Wactawski-Wende Jean50ORCID,Weiderpass Elisabete16ORCID,Wenstzensen Nicolas1ORCID,White Emily16,Wilkens Lynne R17,Yu Herbert17,Zeleniuch-Jacquotte Anne51,Zhong Jun1,Kraft Peter4252ORCID,Li Dounghui53ORCID,Campbell Peter T44,Petersen Gloria M45,Wolpin Brian M25,Risch Harvey A54ORCID,Amundadottir Laufey T1,Klein Alison P2936ORCID,Yu Kai1,Stolzenberg-Solomon Rachael Z1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA

2. Information Management Services, Silver Spring, MD, USA

3. Australian Centre for Precision Health, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia

4. South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia

5. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA

6. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

7. Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain

8. Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain

9. Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain

10. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA

11. Lunenfeld–Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada

12. Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia

13. Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

14. Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia

15. SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA

16. Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA

17. Department of Epidemiology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA

18. Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia

19. Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt–Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA

20. Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA

21. Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA

22. Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain

23. IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain

24. CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain

25. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA

26. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France

27. Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands

28. Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

29. Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA

30. Specialized Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia

31. Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic

32. Yale Cancer Center and Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA

33. Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

34. Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Italy

35. Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center, (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany

36. Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

37. Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany

38. Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

39. Institute of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

40. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic

41. Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA

42. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

43. Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain

44. Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA

45. Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA

46. Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research (IMIM), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

47. Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany

48. Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany

49. CHRISTUS Santa Rosa Hospital–Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA

50. Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA

51. Department of Population Health and Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA

52. Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

53. Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

54. Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background Epidemiological studies have suggested positive associations for iron and red meat intake with risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Inherited pathogenic variants in genes involved in the hepcidin-regulating iron metabolism pathway are known to cause iron overload and hemochromatosis. Objectives The objective of this study was to determine whether common genetic variation in the hepcidin-regulating iron metabolism pathway is associated with PDAC. Methods We conducted a pathway analysis of the hepcidin-regulating genes using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) summary statistics generated from 4 genome-wide association studies in 2 large consortium studies using the summary data-based adaptive rank truncated product method. Our population consisted of 9253 PDAC cases and 12,525 controls of European descent. Our analysis included 11 hepcidin-regulating genes [bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6), ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1), ferritin light chain (FTL), hepcidin (HAMP), homeostatic iron regulator (HFE), hemojuvelin (HJV), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), ferroportin 1 (SLC40A1), transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1), and transferrin receptor 2 (TFR2)] and their surrounding genomic regions (±20 kb) for a total of 412 SNPs. Results The hepcidin-regulating gene pathway was significantly associated with PDAC (P = 0.002), with the HJV, TFR2, TFR1, BMP6, and HAMP genes contributing the most to the association. Conclusions Our results support that genetic susceptibility related to the hepcidin-regulating gene pathway is associated with PDAC risk and suggest a potential role of iron metabolism in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Further studies are needed to evaluate effect modification by intake of iron-rich foods on this association.

Funder

Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute

National Institutes of Health

International Agency for Research on Cancer

Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic

Johns Hopkins University

Lustgarten Foundation

Mayo Clinic SPORE

Pancreatic Cancer Cohort II

NCI

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

Geoffrey Beene Foundation

Arnold and Arlene Goldstein Family Foundation

MSKCC

Kaiser Permanente and Group Health Cooperative

National Health and Medical Research Council

University of California

Joan Rombauer Pancreatic Cancer Fund

California Department of Public Health

Czech Science Foundation

Czech Ministry of Health

BMBF

Italian Ministry of Health

American Cancer Society funds

Instituto de Salud Carlos III

CIBER de Epidemiología

Hale Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research

US Department of Defense

Noble Effort Fund

Peter R. Leavitt Family Fund

Wexler Family Fund

Agency for Management of University and Research Grants

Catalan Government

Spanish Association Against Cancer Scientific Foundation

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

National Human Genome Research Institute

National Institute on Drug Abuse

National Institute of Mental Health

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Nutrition and Dietetics,Medicine (miscellaneous)

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