In-Depth Quantification of Cell Division and Elongation Dynamics at the Tip of Growing Arabidopsis Roots Using 4D Microscopy, AI-Assisted Image Processing and Data Sonification

Author:

Goh TatsuakiORCID,Song Yu1ORCID,Yonekura Takaaki23ORCID,Obushi Noriyasu4ORCID,Den Zeping1,Imizu Katsutoshi2,Tomizawa Yoko5ORCID,Kondo Yohei5ORCID,Miyashima Shunsuke2ORCID,Iwamoto Yutaro16ORCID,Inami Masahiko42ORCID,Chen Yen-Wei1ORCID,Nakajima Keiji2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. College of Information Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University , 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577 Japan

2. Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology , 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan

3. Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan

4. Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo , 4-6-1 Komaba, Tokyo, 153-8904 Japan

5. The Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences , 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787 Japan

6. Faculty of Information and Communication Engineering, Osaka Electro-Communication University , 18-8 Hatsucho, Neyagawa, Osaka, 572-8530 Japan

Abstract

Abstract One of the fundamental questions in plant developmental biology is how cell proliferation and cell expansion coordinately determine organ growth and morphology. An amenable system to address this question is the Arabidopsis root tip, where cell proliferation and elongation occur in spatially separated domains, and cell morphologies can easily be observed using a confocal microscope. While past studies revealed numerous elements of root growth regulation including gene regulatory networks, hormone transport and signaling, cell mechanics and environmental perception, how cells divide and elongate under possible constraints from cell lineages and neighboring cell files has not been analyzed quantitatively. This is mainly due to the technical difficulties in capturing cell division and elongation dynamics at the tip of growing roots, as well as an extremely labor-intensive task of tracing the lineages of frequently dividing cells. Here, we developed a motion-tracking confocal microscope and an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-assisted image-processing pipeline that enables semi-automated quantification of cell division and elongation dynamics at the tip of vertically growing Arabidopsis roots. We also implemented a data sonification tool that facilitates human recognition of cell division synchrony. Using these tools, we revealed previously unnoted lineage-constrained dynamics of cell division and elongation, and their contribution to the root zonation boundaries.

Funder

Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Cell Biology,Plant Science,Physiology,General Medicine

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