Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of linguistic data using BEAST

Author:

Hoffmann Konstantin1ORCID,Bouckaert Remco2,Greenhill Simon J34,Kühnert Denise1

Affiliation:

1. Transmission, Infection, Diversification & Evolution Group, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Straße 10, Jena 07745, Germany

2. Centre for Computational Evolution, University of Auckland, 3 Symonds St, Auckland Central, Auckland 1010, New Zealand

3. Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Straße 10, Jena 07745, Germany

4. ARC Centre of Excellence for the Dynamics of Language, ANU College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Coombs Building, Liversidge St, Acton ACT 2601, Australia

Abstract

Abstract Bayesian phylogenetic methods provide a set of tools to efficiently evaluate large linguistic datasets by reconstructing phylogenies—family trees—that represent the history of language families. These methods provide a powerful way to test hypotheses about prehistory, regarding the subgrouping, origins, expansion, and timing of the languages and their speakers. Through phylogenetics, we gain insights into the process of language evolution in general and into how fast individual features change in particular. This article introduces Bayesian phylogenetics as applied to languages. We describe substitution models for cognate evolution, molecular clock models for the evolutionary rate along the branches of a tree, and tree generating processes suitable for linguistic data. We explain how to find the best-suited model using path sampling or nested sampling. The theoretical background of these models is supplemented by a practical tutorial describing how to set up a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis using the software tool BEAST2.

Funder

the Max Planck Society

Australian Research Council’s Discovery Projects funding scheme

Royal Society of New Zealand

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Developmental Neuroscience,Linguistics and Language,Developmental and Educational Psychology

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