1. USDA-ARS, Bee Research Laboratory, BARC-East Building 306, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
2. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, 3700 Walker Ave., Memphis, TN 38152, USA
3. USDA-ARS, Center for Grain and Animal Health, Stored Product Insect and Engineering Research Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
4. Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Center, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland
5. Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, 1566 Thomas Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
6. USDA, Honey Bee Breeding, Genetics and Physiology Laboratory, 1157 Ben Hur Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70820, USA
7. Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, CH-3097, Liebefeld, Switzerland
8. Honey Bee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Zhimin Avenue 1101, 330045 Nanchang, China