This chapter explores rheumatology, including rheumatological history, assessing the locomotor system, rheumatological investigations, back pain, osteoarthritis (OA), septic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), gout, CPPD arthropathy, ankylosing spondylitis (AS), enteropathic, psoriatic, and reactive arthritis, systemic sclerosis, mixed connective tissue disease, relapsing polychondritis, polymyositis and dermatomyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), giant cell arteritis, polyarteritis nodosa, microscopic polyangiitis, polymyalgia rheumatica, fibromyalgia, ocular manifestations, dermatological manifestations, acute SLE, acute systemic vasculitis, acute cord compression, GCA, methotrexate-induced pneumonitis, neutropenic sepsis, scleroderma: pulmonary hypertensive or renal crisis, and septic arthritis